As part of his project, Alex explored various types of relay switches and applied their working mechanism to design his own electromagnetic switch.

Explanation:

The plan was to connect the appropriate relay to control the motor pump.

- The motor circuit would use a high-voltage source to power the motor.

- The relay circuit would use a low-voltage source to control the relay coil.

What do the parts do?

- Water Level Sensor: Detects the water level.

- Motor circuit: A high-voltage circuit that powers the motor.

- Relay circuit: A low-voltage control circuit connected to the relay's coil.

- Red and Green Bulb: To indicate the water level.

How the system works:

The water level sensor detects the water level and accordingly energises or de-energises the relay circuit. When the water level is high, the electromagnet is energised; otherwise, it is de-energised.

Working to be achieved:

- When the water tank is full, green bulb should be turned ON and the pump should be turned OFF.

- When the water tank is empty, the motor and red bulb should turn ON, while the green bulb remains OFF.

Question: Which of the relay designs would help Alex achieve these requirements?

As part of his project, Alex explored various types of relay switches and applied their working mechanism to design his own electromagnetic switch.

Explanation:

The plan was to connect a suitable relay to control the motor pump.

- The motor circuit would use a high-voltage source to power the motor.

- The relay circuit would use a low-voltage source to control the relay coil.

What do the parts do?

- Water Level Sensor: Detects the water level.

- Motor circuit: A high-voltage circuit that powers the motor.

- Relay circuit: A low-voltage control circuit connected to the relay's coil.

How the system works:

The water level sensor detects the water level and accordingly energises or de-energises the relay circuit. When the water level is high, the electromagnet is energised; otherwise, it is de-energised.

Question: How should Alex position the pivot and movable contactor to ensure the pump automatically turns ON when the tank is empty and OFF when it is full?

Pump M (Milk Pump): Dispenses 6 mL per second

Pump C (Espresso Pump): Dispenses 4 mL per second

The coffee machine has a touchscreen interface that includes two grids for easy operation. Grid 1 for coffee selection (A–D) and Grid 2 for common functions (E–H), to be configured for efficient operation.

Refer 'Each coffee type has a specific volume per cup' and 'Pump Working Times (Recorded Experiment)' values from the referance image.

Challenge : Time to test your coffee instincts. Can you match each coffee type to the right button (A–D) based on how long the pump runs?

Which combo gets it right?

Each drink is made by mixing milk and espresso, and every cup contains exactly 50 mL of the drink.

The machine uses two pumps to prepare the drinks:

Pump 1: Gives out milk.

Pump 2: Gives out espresso.

Both pumps work at the same speed:

1 second of pump = 5 mL of liquid.

The coffee machine has a touchscreen interface that includes two grids for easy operation: Grid 1 for coffee selection (A–D) and Grid 2 for common functions (E–H), to be configured for efficient operation.

Refer 'Coffee Recipes (Milk: Espresso Ratio)' and 'Observed Pump Times When Buttons Are Pressed' values from the refernce image.

Question: Time to test your coffee instincts. Can you match each coffee type to the right button (A–D) based on how long the pump runs?

Which combo gets it right?