Time Slot	Temperature (°C)
12:00 – 12:30 PM	29
12:30 – 1:00 PM	31
1:00 – 1:30 PM	33
1:30 – 2:00 PM	33
2:00 – 2:30 PM	32
2:30 – 3:00 PM	30

 

The local electricity board charges ₹7 per unit (1 unit = 1000 watt-hour or 1 kWh). Maria wants to compare the electricity costs to understand how much she saved compared to using a traditional fan. She tracks the daily electricity usage using a mobile app she developed. Which of the following bills accurately reflect the difference in the bill amount? 

He used a fan with a power rating of 100W, and the electricity provider charges ₹6 per unit (1 unit = 1000 watt-hour or 1 kWh). To test his setup, Vihaan runs the system from 3:00 PM to 6:00 PM, checking the temperature every 30 minutes: 

Time Slot	Temperature (°C)
3:00 – 3:30 PM	29
3:30 – 4:00 PM	31
4:00 – 4:30 PM	32
4:30 – 5:00 PM	30
5:00 – 5:30 PM	28
5:30 – 6:00 PM	27

 

Vihaan wants to compare the electricity costs to understand how much he saved compared to using a traditional fan. He tracks the electricity usage through a mobile app he developed. Which of the following bills accurately reflect the difference in the bill amount? 

The custom controller you're building contains two joysticks to manage multiple control functions. This setup requires a total of four potentiometers, for example: 

 

For example: 

• Left X-axis potentiometer – Controls the toy plane’s up and down movement   

• Left Y-axis potentiometer – Controls the toy plane’s left and right movement left and right 

• Right X-axis potentiometer – Moves the toy plane forward and backward 

• Right Y-axis potentiometer – Retracts and extends the landing wheels 

You originally intended to use 10 kΩ (Kilo) potentiometers in all positions. However, one of them has been mistakenly replaced with a 1 kΩ (Kilo) potentiometer. This will affect its sensitivity and the amount of current it draws from the power supply. 

Potentiometer Wiring Setup 

Each potentiometer is connected as a voltage divider: 

• One end is connected to 5 V (Vcc) 

• The other end to 0 V (GND) 

• The wiper (middle pin) is connected to an analog input pin on a microcontroller 

The microcontroller features a 10-bit ADC: 

• ADC values range from 0 to 1023 

• This corresponds to voltages ranging from 0 V to 5 V 

Instructions for Calculation 

Ohm’s Law: 

V=I×R 

Where: 

• R is resistance (in ohms, Ω) 

• V is voltage (in volts, V) 

• I is current (in amperes, A) 

Note: The output voltage is a fraction of 5 V, based on the ratio of the ADC reading to 1023. 

Your Task 

Using the explanation above, determine which potentiometer is the 1 kΩ. 
Show your working or briefly explain your reasoning.

Measured Data from the Four Potentiometers 

The custom controller you're building contains two joysticks to manage multiple control functions. This setup requires a total of four potentiometers, for example: 

• Left X-axis potentiometer –  Controls the toy plane’s up and down movement 

• Left Y-axis potentiometer – Controls the toy plane’s left and right movement 

• Right X-axis potentiometer – Moves the toy plane forward and backward  

• Right Y-axis potentiometer – Retracts and extends the landing wheels 

 

Wiring Setup 

Each potentiometer in the setup is hooked up like a voltage divider.  

One end is connected to 5 volts (Vcc),  

The other is grounded at 0 V,  

The middle pin,called the wiper,is connected to one of the microcontroller’s analog inputs. 

The microcontroller uses an ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) to convert the voltage from the wiper into a digital value ranging from 0 to 1023, where: 

• 0 represents 0 V 

• 1023 represents 5 V 

The Problem 

During testing, you observe that only one of the four potentiometers is working as expected, producing varying analog readings in response to joystick movement. The remaining three, however, either show constant values or don’t respond at all.  

You suspect there may be a wiring issue with these potentiometers — possibly due to incorrect connections or a faulty setup. 

Based on the potentiometer wiring configurations given below, identify which one is functioning correctly.